今天看到一份英文的，相比以前看的中文资料，可谓是言简意赅。值得收藏。
/bin basic programs (Programs that are absolutly needed, shell and commands only)
/boot initialization files (Required to actually boot your computer)
/dev device files (Describe physical stuff like hard disks and partitions)
/etc configuration files
/home users’ home directories
/lib basic libraries (Required by the basic programs)
/media mount points for removable media
/mnt mount points (For system admins who need to temporarily mount a filesystem)
/opt third-party programs
/proc proc filesystem (Describe processes and status info, not stored on disk)
/root system administrator’s files
/sbin basic administration programs (Like bin, but only usable by administators)
/srv service-specific files
/sys sys filesystem (Similar to proc, stored in memory based filesytem: tempfs)
/tmp temporary files (Files not kept between boots, often in tempfs)
/usr most programs (Another bin, etc, lib, sbin, but for less important files)
/var varible data (Similar to tmp, but preserved between reboots